As the basic carrier and sensing terminal of the new smart city, improving the utilization rate of infrastructure is the basic purpose. With poles and poles as the core and carrier, on the basis of realizing smart lighting and green lighting, it selectively integrates intelligent sensing equipment in many fields such as communications, municipal administration, environmental protection, public security, transportation, and urban management, and realizes the integration of multiple functions such as charging piles, wireless communications, video surveillance, streaming media, emergency alarms, environmental monitoring, parking detection, manhole covers and water accumulation monitoring, public broadcasting and information interaction. It combines industrial design with Internet of Things technology, meets functional needs while paying attention to the harmony of the ecological environment. It has miniaturization, beauty, concealment and powerful composite functions, thereby maximizing resource utilization, providing cities with healthy, applicable, efficient, convenient, and harmoniously coexisting infrastructure, and fully supporting the construction of new smart cities.
Urban road lighting is an important part of urban public facilities. With the advancement of urbanization, the number of urban road lighting lamps is increasing. At the same time, smart light poles are also being installed on fully enclosed highways and equipped with intelligent communication and sensing equipment systems such as smart lighting, video surveillance, 5G base stations, WIFI, and emergency broadcasting, realizing the integration of multiple poles, integrating emerging technologies such as big data, the Internet of Things, and artificial intelligence to monitor and release information such as traffic conditions, safety hazards, and weather hazards in real time, and building smart highways.
Issues that need to be paid attention to in the planning of smart light poles on highways
(1) The “shadow” problem of road lighting
Due to unreasonable design, the spacing between lights is too large or the maximum illumination angle of the light distribution curve along the longitudinal direction of the road is too small, resulting in too low illumination between lights. In this way, the road surface will be “one bright and one dark”, which brings great visual fatigue to driving.
(2) “Shadow” between horizontal street lights
Due to unreasonable design, the height of the light pole and the elevation angle of the lamp are not enough, or the maximum illumination angle of the light distribution curve of the lamp along the transverse direction of the road is too small, resulting in too low illumination in the center of the road surface, which also brings many inconveniences to driving.
The solution to the above lighting “shadow” problems is mainly based on the basic rules of lamp distance and lamp height, road width and lamp height in road lighting design, and then combined with the lighting distribution curve to arrange the lighting fixtures.
(3) Illumination problem of fully enclosed highways
The main problem that highway lighting needs to solve is how to enable drivers to quickly and accurately receive necessary visual information (such as whether there are obstacles on the road, the relative position, speed, road brightness and line shape of the front and rear vehicles, etc.) when the car is driving at high speed at night, so that they can respond in time to prevent traffic accidents caused by insufficient sight distance in advance and increase the sense of safety and comfort of night driving. However, there is an important problem in the usual lighting design, that is, excessive illumination causes waste of resources. We know that highways are fully enclosed roads with no pedestrians and non-motor vehicles. Except for key sections and bridges where the illumination can be appropriately increased, other locations do not need too high illumination to meet the needs of safe driving.
The best way to solve the above illumination problem is to use highway smart light poles equipped with intelligent lighting systems and dynamic illumination adjustment functions.
(4) Site selection and planning of 5G micro base stations on highway smart light poles
As the most widely distributed and densely populated municipal facilities, highway smart light poles can meet the site requirements of 5G ultra-dense networking. The distance between street light poles is generally between 20 and 30 meters, and the site distance of 5G micro stations is required to be between 100 and 200 meters. If a set of 5G systems is integrated on each light pole, the number of street light poles can fully meet the site construction needs of the three telecom operators.
The construction of 5G base stations on highway smart light poles needs to be combined with the layout of surrounding base stations, comprehensively consider the needs of operators, and reasonably plan the layout. It is recommended to reserve a highway smart light pole every 200 meters for telecommunications companies to use. Since telecommunications operators have their own independent communication networks, they only need to provide optical fiber to the integrated computer room, and the power supply uses the power terminals provided by the highway smart light poles.
(5) “Multi-plan integration” planning issues
The planning of smart light poles on highways involves the urban and rural control planning of government departments, the national spatial planning, etc. With the current preparation of the “14th Five-Year Plan” and the adjustment of other urban planning documents, it is necessary to systematically and multi-levelly consider the planning and deployment of smart light poles on highways to avoid urban planning risks. In addition, since smart light poles on highways contain many cross-domain and cross-professional functional modules, involving the planning of functional modules such as 5G, video surveillance, and smart transportation, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the technical characteristics and standards of different functional modules, combine the differences and development characteristics of urban areas, and have a certain forward-looking awareness to integrate them into the urban planning system.
(6) Acquisition of basic data
The data that needs to be processed in the planning of smart light poles on highways covers a wide range, including not only basic databases such as urban geographical status map layout, planning layout, urban building layout, pipeline corridor distribution status and planning, but also information on construction projects of different departments or enterprises, construction standards and technical indicators of each functional module, and information security. Therefore, the compiling unit needs to communicate deeply with the planning leading department at the beginning of the planning, obtain more basic data within the scope permitted by law, and obtain the approval of the planning leading department to avoid the delay of the planning project due to basic data factors in the later stage.
As one of the new infrastructures of smart cities, multifunctional smart street lights are in a period of accelerated construction, and the guiding role of planning in the construction of smart cities should be fully utilized. Seize the wave of the new generation of information technology revolution, complete forward-looking, scientific and operational planning, meet the needs of the times of “digital China, smart society”, and improve urban planning and construction capabilities and modern governance capabilities.
Post time: Feb-27-2025